1ق. باب مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ:
Chapter: One who frees his share of a slave
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَي بْنُ يَحْيَي ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِمَالِكٍ : حَدَّثَكَ نَافِعٌ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ، فَكَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَ الْعَبْدِ قُوِّمَ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةَ الْعَدْلِ، فَأَعْطَى شُرَكَاءَهُ حِصَصَهُمْ وَعَتَقَ عَلَيْهِ الْعَبْدُ، وَإِلَّا فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ ".
Ibn 'Umar (RA) reported Allah's Messenger may peace be upon him) as saying: If anyone emancipates his share in a slave and has enough money to pay the full price for him, a fair price for the slave should be fixed, his partners given their shares, and the slave be thus emancipated, otherwise he is emancipated only to the extent of the first man's share.
وحَدَّثَنَاه قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رُمْحٍ ، جَمِيعًا عَنْ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ . ح وحَدَّثَنَا شَيْبَانُ بْنُ فَرُّوخَ ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ . ح وحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ ، وَأَبُو كَامِلٍ ، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ . ح وحَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ . ح وحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ . ح، وحَدَّثَنِي إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، عَنْ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ . ح وحَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأَيْلِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي أُسَامَةُ . ح وحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ ، عَنْ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ كُلُّ هَؤُلَاءِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، بِمَعْنَى حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ عَنْ نَافِعٍ.
This hadith has been reported on the authority of Ibn 'Umar through another chain of transmitters.
1. باب ذِكْرِ سِعَايَةِ الْعَبْدِ:
Chapter: A slave working to pay off the other half
وحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى ، وَابْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، وَاللَّفْظُ لِابْنِ الْمُثَنَّى، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ النَّضْرِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ نَهِيكٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: " فِي الْمَمْلُوكِ بَيْنَ الرَّجُلَيْنِ فَيُعْتِقُ أَحَدُهُمَا "، قَالَ: يَضْمَنُ.
Abu Hurairah (RA) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: The slave who is jointly owned by two persons, and is emancipated by one of them, (this one) has liability (upon him to secure complete freedom for that slave).
وحَدَّثَنِي عَمْرٌو النَّاقِدُ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَنْ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ النَّضْرِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ نَهِيكٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: " مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِقْصًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ فَخَلَاصُهُ فِي مَالِهِ، إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ اسْتُسْعِيَ الْعَبْدُ غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ ".
Abu Hurairah (RA) (Allah be pleased witli him) reported Allah's Prophet (ﷺ) as saying: If anyone emancipates a share in a slave, he is to be completely emancipated if he has money; but if he has none, the slave will be required to work to pay for his freedom, but must not be over-burdened.
وحَدَّثَنَاه عَلِيُّ بْنُ خَشْرَمٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا عِيسَى يَعْنِي ابْنَ يُونُسَ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ وَزَادَ: إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ قُوِّمَ عَلَيْهِ الْعَبْدُ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ، ثُمَّ يُسْتَسْعَى فِي نَصِيبِ الَّذِي لَمْ يُعْتِقْ غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Sa'id bin Abu 'Aruba with the same chain of transmitters but with the addition: "If he (one of the joint owners emancipating the slave) has not (enough) money (to secure freedom for the other half) a fair price for the slave should be fixed, and he will be required to work to pay for his freedom, but must not be over-burdened.
حَدَّثَنِي هَارُونُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، حَدَّثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ قَتَادَةَ ، يُحَدِّثُ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ بِمَعْنَى حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، وَذَكَرَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ قُوِّمَ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ.
A hadith like this is reported on the authority of the same chain of transmitters but with a slight change of words.
2. باب إِنَّمَا الْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ:
Chapter: Al-Wala' (Right of inheritance) belongs to the one who manumits the slave
وحَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَي بْنُ يَحْيَي ، قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، أَنَّهَا أَرَادَتْ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ جَارِيَةً تُعْتِقُهَا، فَقَالَ أَهْلُهَا: نَبِيعُكِهَا عَلَى أَنَّ وَلَاءَهَا لَنَا، فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: " لَا يَمْنَعُكِ ذَلِكِ، فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ ".
Ibn 'Umar (RA) reported that 'A'isha decided to buy a slave-girl and then set her free, but her masters said: We are prepared to sell her to you on the condition that her right of inheritance would vest with us. She (Hadrat A'isha) made a mention of that to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) whereupon he said: This should not stand in your way. The right of inheritance vests in one who emancipates.
وحَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا لَيْثٌ ، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ ، أَخْبَرَتْهُ: أَنَّ بَرِيرَةَ جَاءَتْ عَائِشَةَ تَسْتَعِينُهَا فِي كِتَابَتِهَا، وَلَمْ تَكُنْ قَضَتْ مِنْ كِتَابَتِهَا شَيْئًا، فَقَالَتْ لَهَا عَائِشَةُ: ارْجِعِي إِلَى أَهْلِكِ، فَإِنْ أَحَبُّوا أَنْ أَقْضِيَ عَنْكِ كِتَابَتَكِ وَيَكُونَ وَلَاؤُكِ لِي، فَعَلْتُ، فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ بَرِيرَةُ لِأَهْلِهَا فَأَبَوْا، وَقَالُوا: إِنْ شَاءَتْ أَنْ تَحْتَسِبَ عَلَيْكِ، فَلْتَفْعَلْ وَيَكُونَ لَنَا وَلَاؤُكِ، فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " ابْتَاعِي فَأَعْتِقِي، فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ "، ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: " مَا بَالُ أُنَاسٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، مَنِ اشْتَرَطَ شَرْطًا لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، فَلَيْسَ لَهُ، وَإِنْ شَرَطَ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ شَرْطُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُّ وَأَوْثَقُ ".
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that Barira came to her in order to seek her help in securing freedom, but she had (so far) paid nothing out of that sum stipulated in the contract. 'A'isha said to her. Go to your family (who owns you), and if they like that I should pay the amount (of the contract) on your behalf (for purchasing your freedom), then I shall have the right in your inheritance. If they accepted it, I am prepared to make this payment. Barira made a mention of that to the (members of) her family, but they refused and said: If she (Hadrat 'A'isha) wants to do good to you for the sake of Allah, she may do it, but the right of inheritance will be ours. She (Hadrat 'A'isha) made a mention of that to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) , and he said to her: Buy her, and emancipate her, for the right of inheritance vests with one who emancipates (the slave). Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) then stood up and said: What has happened to the people that they lay down conditions which are not (found) in the Book of Allah? And he who laid down a condition not found in the Book of Allah, that is not valid, even if it is laid down hundred times. The condition laid down by Allah is the most weighty and the most valid.
حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الطَّاهِرِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ ، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهَا، قَالَتْ: جَاءَتْ بَرِيرَةُ إِلَيَّ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا عَائِشَةُ، إِنِّي كَاتَبْتُ أَهْلِي عَلَى تِسْعِ أَوَاقٍ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ أُوقِيَّةٌ بِمَعْنَى حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ، وَزَادَ فَقَالَ: لَا يَمْنَعُكِ ذَلِكِ مِنْهَا ابْتَاعِي وَأَعْتِقِي، وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي النَّاسِ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ.
'A'isha, the wife of Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) , reported: Barira came to me and said: 'A'isha, I have entered into contract for securing freedom with my family (who owns me) for nine 'uqiyas (of silver), one 'uqiya every year. The rest of the hadith is the same (but with this addition): "This (the problem of the right of inheritance) should not stand in your way. Buy her, and set her free. He said in a hadith: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) stood up among men, extolled Allah, praised Him, and then said: "for......"
وحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، قَالَتْ: دَخَلَتْ عَلَيَّ بَرِيرَةُ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّ أَهْلِي كَاتَبُونِي عَلَى تِسْعِ أَوَاقٍ، فِي تِسْعِ سِنِينَ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ أُوقِيَّةٌ، فَأَعِينِينِي، فَقُلْتُ لَهَا: إِنْ شَاءَ أَهْلُكِ أَنْ أَعُدَّهَا لَهُمْ عَدَّةً وَاحِدَةً، وَأُعْتِقَكِ وَيَكُونَ الْوَلَاءُ لِي، فَعَلْتُ فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِأَهْلِهَا، فَأَبَوْا إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْوَلَاءُ لَهُمْ، فَأَتَتْنِي فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ، قَالَتْ: فَانْتَهَرْتُهَا، فَقَالَتْ: لَا هَا اللَّهِ إِذَا قَالَتْ، فَسَمِعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَأَلَنِي، فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: " اشْتَرِيهَا وَأَعْتِقِيهَا، وَاشْتَرِطِي لَهُمُ الْوَلَاءَ، فَإِنَّ الْوَلَاءَ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ "، فَفَعَلْتُ، قَالَتْ: ثُمَّ خَطَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَشِيَّةً، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ بِمَا هُوَ أَهْلُهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَمَا بَالُ أَقْوَامٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، مَا كَانَ مِنْ شَرْطٍ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، فَهُوَ بَاطِلٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُّ وَشَرْطُ اللَّهِ أَوْثَقُ، مَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ مِنْكُمْ يَقُولُ أَحَدُهُمْ أَعْتِقْ فُلَانًا وَالْوَلَاءُ لِي إِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ "
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: Barira came to me and said: My family (owners) have made contract with me (for granting freedom) for nine 'uqiyas (of silver) payable in nine years, one 'uqiya every year. Help me (in making this payment). I said to her: If your family so desires, I am prepared to make them the full payment in one instalment, and thus secure freedom for you, but the right of inheritance will vest in me, if I do so. She (Barira) made a mention of that to her family, but they refused (except) on the condition that the right of inheritance would vest in them. She came to me and made mention of if. She ('A'isha) said: I scolded her. She (Barira) said: By Allah, it is not possible (they will never agree to it). And as she was saying it, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) heard, and he asked me, I informed him and he said: Buy her and emancipate her, and let the right of inheritance vest in them, for they cannot claim it (rightfully) since the right of inherritance vests with one who emancipates (the slave; therefore, these people have no right to lay such false claims). And I did so. She ('A'isha) said: Then Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) delivered a sermon in the evening. He extolled Allah and praised Him with what He deserves, and then said afterwards,: What has happened to the people that they lay down conditions which are not found in the Book of Allah? And the condition which is not found in the Book of Allah is invalid, even if its number is one hundred. The Book of Allah is more true (than any other deed) and the condition laid down by Allah is more binding (than any other condition). What has happened to the people among you that someone among you says: "Emancipate so and so, but the right of inheritance vests in me"? Verily, the right of inheritance vests in one who emancipates.
